Hebrews 1:5-14 (MKJV) For to which of the angels did He say at any time, “You are My Son, this day I have begotten You?” And again, “I will be to Him a Father, and He shall be to Me a Son?” 6 And again, when He brings in the First-born into the world, He says, “And let all the angels of God worship Him.” 7 And of the angels He says, “Who makes His angels spirits and His ministers a flame of fire.” 8 But to the Son He says, “Your throne, O God, is forever and ever. A scepter of righteousness is the scepter of Your kingdom. 9 You have loved righteousness and hated iniquity, therefore God, Your God, has anointed You with the oil of gladness above Your fellows.” 10 And, “You, Lord, have laid the foundation of the earth in the beginning, and the heavens are the works of Your hands. 11 They shall perish, but You will remain. And they shall all become old as a garment, 12 and as a covering You shall fold them up, and they shall be changed. But You are the same, and Your years shall not fail.” 13 But to which of the angels, did He say at any time, “Sit on My right hand until I make Your enemies Your footstool?” 14 Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for those who shall be heirs of salvation?
(Through the Bible Day by Day: A Devotional Commentary (7 Vols.))
OUTLINE OF THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS
THE NEW AND BETTER COVENANT
CHRIST THE SURETY OF THE NEW COVENANT (1:1-5:10).)
• He Is a Divine Redeemer (1:1-4).
• He Is Superior to Angels (1:5-14).
• He Has Accomplished Redemption through Suffering (2).
• He Is Greater than Moses (3:1-4:13).
• He Is a Great High Priest (4:14-5:10).
• (Comment on the Argument and Direct Appeal to Readers (5:11-6:12).)
The Relation of the Two Covenants (6:13-10:39)
• The Promise to Abraham (6:13-15).
• Its Realization by Us (6:16-20).
• The Unchanging Priesthood (7:1-17).
• The Covenants Contrasted (7:18-8:13).
• The Institutions of the Old Covenant Fulfilled in the Person and Work of Christ (9:1-10:18).
• The Greater Privileges and Responsibilities of the New Covenant (10:19-39).
Faith, the Common Factor of the Two Covenants (11-12)
• The Achievements of Faith under the Old Covenant (11).
• The Summons to Faith under the New Covenant (12).
Practical Admonitions (13:1-21)
Conclusion (13:22-25)
V5 “For to which of the angels did He say at any time, “You are My Son, this day I have begotten You?” And again, “I will be to Him a Father, and He shall be to Me a Son?” This quote is from Psalm 2:7. The Greek word for “begotten” is (G1080) γεννάω gennáō; contracted gennṓ, which means to sire or procreate. When the word refers to a male, it is sire (Acts 7:8). When it refers to a female, it is to carry a pregnancy to term and give birth (bear a child–Luke 1:13). It also can mean to become a Christian as God beget those who believe in Jesus for salvation (John 1:13 and 1 John 5:1). Thus, believers are sons and daughters of God (Galatians 3:26) through faith. Jesus is “begotten” is 2 ways: 1) of Mary under the power of the Holy Spirit (Matthew 1:20, Luke 1:35, and John 1:14), and 2) Jesus’s resurrection (Acts 13:30-35 and Hebrews 5:5 (at the physical, bodily resurrection of Jesus, He was commissioned as a High Priest after the order of Melchizedek)). Begotten refers to His manhood, His human being. As God, Jesus has never been begotten. God is one. There are 3 persons of the Trinity–God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. There is one essence. This one essence is that God is a Spirit and the character traits of God. There are no other gods. Thus, what the Father is in essence, the Son and the Holy Spirit have the same. If God the Son was begotten or eternally begotten, He would be a lesser than the Father who is never begotten. In the Old Testament, the Lord Jesus is revealed as the Creator (Isaiah 40:28), the Angel of the Lord (depending on context–Judges 6:22), the Holy One, the Holy One of God, and the Holy One of Israel (2 Kings 19:22, Psalm 16:10, Psalm 78:41, Isaiah 1:4, Isaiah 10:20, Isaiah 43:3-15, Mark 1:24, Acts 13:35, and 1 John 2:20). God the Father brought into existence Jesus the man, who is the God-man. God without beginning and man with beginning.
V6 “And again, when He brings in the First-born into the world, He says, “And let all the angels of God worship Him.” The “First Born” refers to the firstborn of the Virgin Mary with God as His father (Luke 2:7). It also refers to the rights of the First Born. (I cannot vouch for everything on this source link https://fr.slideserve.com/davis/valuing-our-place-of-honor-pt1-the-rights-and-privileges-of-our-firstborn-inheritance
FIRSTBORN INHERITANCE
Rights and Privileges of the “Birthright”
• You received a double portion of the paternal inheritance
• You became the spiritual leader to your family
• You received paternal authority
• You acquired spiritual favor & honor
• Also, you receive the blessings of Abraham
• power for an abundant life.
• power for an effective life.
• power for success.
• power for prosperity.
• power for fruitfulness.
• power for longevity.
V7 “And of the angels He says, “Who makes His angels spirits and His ministers a flame of fire.” Angels do not have a physical, molecular body. They are spirits but not the same spirit as God is spirit. Flame of fire refers to their appearance (Luke 24:4 and Revelation 14:6 (angel flying; some have eagle flying (cherub as in Ezekiel 1:4, and Ezekiel 10:14).
V8 “But to the Son He says, “Your throne, O God, is forever and ever. A scepter of righteousness is the scepter of Your kingdom.” The Son is the Lord Jesus, the God-Man, who, as the God-Man will have a kingdom (the universe), a capital city (Jerusalem–Ezekiel 43:7), and a throne (Zechariah14:9 and Acts 2:30). Since Jesus never dies again, He rules forever. His kingdom will be recognized and enforced as righteousness. There will no evil, no biases, no lawlessness for all will be righteous (Zechariah 14:20-21, Psalm 93:5, and Ezekiel 43:12). The main role of angels is service to God particularly helping those who believe, Israel, and destruction of evil when ordered by God.
V9 “You have loved righteousness and hated iniquity, therefore God, Your God, has anointed You with the oil of gladness above Your fellows.” V9 and 10 are a quote from Psalm 45:6-7. The Greek word for “love” is the highest love (G25) ἀγαπάω agapáō, the loyalty and choosing to love. The Lord Jesus loves righteousness and lives in righteousness in HIs thoughts, desires, words, and deeds always. Because of these choices, God (the Father) who is the God-man’s God. What is right and wrong has been defined by THE King–God, so we can be assured of what the Scriptures teach us about right and wrong. The Lord Jesus often referred to God as His Father (John 5:17-23). The Father, then, anointed the Lord Jesus as King of kings and as High Priest (in the order of Melchizedek). Oil of gladness (joy); compare Isaiah 61:3. Jesus receives the blessing of joy, eternal joy that never fades and has no limits. JFB commentary adds: “The anointing here meant is not that at His baptism, when He solemnly entered on His ministry for us; but that with the “oil of gladness,” or “exulting joy” (which denotes a triumph, and follows as the consequence of His manifested love of righteousness and hatred of iniquity), wherewith, after His triumphant completion of His work, He has been anointed by the Father above His fellows…”
V10 “And, “You, Lord, have laid the foundation of the earth in the beginning, and the heavens are the works of Your hands.” Jesus is the creator. The foundation of the earth is the solid metal sphere in the center of the earth with an even small solid sphere inside that of about 400 miles/~644km in diameter. There are 3 heavens: 1) the atmosphere, 2) the universe outside the atmosphere, and 3) outside the universe where God has His throne. The complexity of His creation cannot be fully understood or even studied completely.
V11 “They shall perish, but You will remain. And they shall all become old as a garment…” The earth began its slide into corruption at the time Jesus (the Creator) pronounced His course when Adam sinned. Compare Genesis 1:1, Genesis 3:17-19, and John 5:22. This shows the superiority of the Lord Jesus compared to creation. He is greater than all of creation and is the creator (Colossians 1:16-17)..
V12 “…and as a covering You shall fold them up, and they shall be changed. But You are the same, and Your years shall not fail.” The Greek word for “covering” is (G4018) περιβόλαιον peribólaion, which means something thrown around a person as cloak, so mantle, veil, etc. As Creator, the Lord Jesus has authority and ability to create and destroy, to stabilize or change at any time for purposes of judgment. See 2 Peter 3:10-12. Verse 12 shows the supremacy of the Lord Jesus. The creation that the Lord Jesus created was cursed when Adam sinned, and the punishment for sin is death. This creation must also die and a new one made (Revelation 21:1 and following).
V13 “But to which of the angels, did He say at any time, “Sit on My right hand until I make Your enemies Your footstool?” Angels are created spirits to serve God and humanity (verse 7 & 14). No angel sits at God’s right hand. Since Jesus is the one sitting at the Father’s right hand, Jesus cannot be an angel as some teach. Jesus is superior to the angels.
V14 “Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for those who shall be heirs of salvation?” Some believe in guardian angels (Matthew 18:10 and Acts 12:12-15) and some don’t. Those who do not believe in guardian angels (me included) point out that God will send an angel to assist us whenever He wishes(Psalm 91:11-12 (for the Lord Jesus–Luke 4:10), Psalm 34:4-7, and Hebrews 13:2).