Romans Introduction

(Nelson’s Illustrated Bible Dictionary) 

Romans: A Study and Teaching Outline

Part One: The Revelation of the Righteousness of God (1:1—8:39)

  • Introduction 1:1–17
  • Condemnation: The Need for God’s Righteousness 1:18—3:20 Guilt of the Gentile 1:18–32
  • Guilt of the Jew 2:1—3:8
  • Conclusion: All Are Guilty before God 3:9–20
  • Justification: God’s Righteousness 3:21—5:21 Description of Righteousness 3:21–31
  • Illustration of Righteousness 4:1–25
  • Benefits of Righteousness 5:1–11
  • Contrast of Righteousness and Condemnation 5:12–21
  • Sanctification: The Demonstration of God’s Righteousness 6:1—8:39 Sanctification and Sin 6:1–23
  • Sanctification and the Law 7:1–25
  • Sanctification and the Spirit 8:1–39

Part Two: The Vindication of the Righteousness of God (9:1—11:36)

  • Israel’s Past: The Election of God 9:1–29 A. Paul’s Sorrow 9:1–5
  • God’s Sovereignty 9:6–29
  • Israel’s Present: The Rejection of God 9:30—10:21 Israel Seeks Righteousness by Works 9:30–33
  • Israel Rejects Christ 10:1–15
  • Israel Rejects the Prophets 10:16–21
  • Israel’s Future: The Restoration by God 11:1–36 Israel’s Rejection Is Not Total 11:1–10
  • Israel’s Rejection Is Not Final 11:11–32
  • Israel’s Restoration: The Occasion for Glorifying God 11:33–36

Part Three: The Application of the Righteousness of God (12:1—16:27)

  • Righteousness of God Demonstrated in Christian Duties 12:1—13:14 Responsibilities Toward God 12:1–2
  • Responsibilities Toward Society 12:3–21
  • Responsibilities Toward Government 13:1–7
  • Responsibilities Toward Neighbors 13:8–14
  • Righteousness of God Demonstrated in Christian Liberties 14:1—15:13 Principles of Christian Liberty 14:1–23
  • Practices of Christian Liberty 15:1–13
  • Conclusion 15:14—16:27 Paul’s Purposes for Writing 15:14–21
  • Paul’s Plans for Traveling 15:22–33
  • Paul’s Praise and Greetings 16:1–27

✢✢✢✢✢

Author: Holy Spirit

Writer: Paul, the Apostle

Recipients: Roman Christians

Date and place written: (Nelson’s Illustrated Bible Dictionary) His three-month stay in Corinth, probably in the spring of A.D. 56 or 57, would have provided the extended, uninterrupted time needed to compose such a reasoned commentary on the Christian faith.

Main theme: Doctrine of salvation and applications to life

What to learn

  1. Why do people sin?
  2. How sin progresses.
  3. How Jews and Gentiles are sinners.
  4. How our sin nature blinds us to truth.
  5. How sin dishonors God.
  6. How faith is not a gift.
  7. God’s promises to Abraham are a gift, not a work.
  8. Justification is by faith alone.
  9. Peace with God is because of our faith.
  10. Adam sinned and brought the curse and death. Jesus did not sin and brought blessings and life.
  11. Sin made us slaves to sin. Faith in Jesus made us slaves to righteousness.
  12. Mosaic law reconciled and covered sin. Jesus fulfilled and ended Mosaic Law.
  13. Law was given to convict us of our sin. The one convicting is the Holy Spirit (John 16:8).
  14. There is no hope to live the Christian life without God’s help.
  15. If we are believers, the talk matches the walk.
  16. How Israel is related to faith and salvation (Romans 9-11).
  17. Only faith in the Messiah, Jesus, can save from the penalty of our sins.
  18. All Israel will be saved in the future (all become Christians).
  19. The practical aspect of faith (Romans 12-15).
  20. Believers are to give their body (fleshly desires) as a living sacrifice.
  21. About spiritual gifts.
  22. About numerous laws from the Law of Christ (Galatians 6:2).
  23. The relation between God and His law and government law.
  24. More laws from the Law of Christ.
  25. How to handle differences is Christian opinion.
  26. All people and spirits will someday bow the knee and acknowledge Jesus is Lord.
  27. God first, others second, and me third.
  28. Jesus is our example of the Christian worldview and lifestyle.
  29. Jesus is Messiah to Jews and Gentiles.
  30. Paul was the Apostle to Gentiles.
  31. Remembering our brothers and sisters in Christ.
  32. How to handle unruly people and heretics.
  33. Paul’s prayer for God to bless the believers.